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Addictions RSS FeedsTrainee Doctors Need More Sleep And Supervision, US Report - A new report from medical and scientific experts recommends among other things that trainee doctors' hours and workload in the US be reduced and their supervision be increased because they make too many fatigue-related medical mistakes and they need a better learning environment....Feed Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com Modelling The Effectiveness And Risks Of Vaccination Strategies To Control Classical Swine Fever Epidemics - In a recent update of the Dutch contingency plan for controlling outbreaks of Classical Swine Fever emergency vaccination is preferred to large-scale preemptive culling. Our modelling study evaluates the implications of this policy change. We find that vaccination in a ring of 2-km radius around a detected infection source is as effective as ring culling in a 1-km radius.... Estimating Antiviral Effectiveness Against Pandemic Influenza Using Household Data - Antiviral drugs play a central role in current plans for managing an influenza pandemic. However, their ability to reduce symptoms and infectivity in cases, and to reduce susceptibility of individuals given antivirals prophylactically must be confirmed for the pandemic virus strain.... Exploring The Early Origins Of The Synapse By Comparative Genomics - One aspect of evolution that often puzzles the non-scientist is how current knowledge can explain the origin of complex structures. The thinking goes that a particular biological feature, such as the human eye, functions as a complete unit and a partial eye would not work. But new information about the genomes of many organisms has clarified how complex structures can evolve from simpler ones.... Evolution And Evolvability - Evolutionary biologists are increasingly interested in the "evolvability" of populations and their traits. This opinion piece examines different interpretations that have been put on the idea of evolvability, which differ in the timescales over which the concept is applied. For some, evolvability characterises the potential for future adaptive mutation and evolution.... PharmaEngine Receives Approval Of US IND Application For A Phase II Study Of PEP02 (Liposome Irinotecan Injection) In Pancreatic Cancer - PharmaEngine, Inc. announced today that it has received approval of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application from the U.S. FDA for PEP02, a liposome formulation of irinotecan in a phase II study in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.... Some Progress But Government Has Missed Opportunities In Queen's Speech, British Medical Asociation - Measures to tackle smoking-related illness outlined in today's (Wednesday 3 December, 2008) Queen's Speech are positive but lack detail, the BMA says.... Genetic Compatibility And Hatching Success In The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus). Is There A Better Half? - It often assumed that the quality of a potential mate in terms of how their genes affect their offspring quality is a fixed feature of each individual. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not always the case, and that mates may vary in compatibility more than in quality.... Latent Inhibition Of Predator Recognition By Embryonic Amphibians - It is crucial for prey to be able to learn to discriminate between predators and non-predators. While this task can be challenging and dangerous for prey animals, it appears that amphibian embryos have found a way to get a head start on their homework.... Revisiting The Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis For The Evolution Of Large Brains - When it comes to the brain, the popular view is that bigger is better. But why should a large brain facilitate the survival of animals in the wild? A popular answer is that a large brain buffers individuals against environmental challenges by facilitating the construction of behavioural responses, a theory known as the cognitive buffer hypothesis.... Wyeth Submits European Marketing Authorization Application For 13-Valent Vaccine For The Prevention Of Pneumococcal Disease In Infants - Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, a division of Wyeth (NYSE:WYE), announced today that it has submitted a marketing authorization application (MAA) to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) for approval to market its investigational 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for infants and young children.... Baby's Life Saved By A Long Journey, London - Adad whose plucky baby son had a narrow escape and was helped by the London Neonatal Transfer Service based at The Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel,east London, has praised the transport team for its professionalism and expertcare.... OGX-011 Shows Overall Survival Advantage In Prostate Cancer Compared To Standard Therapy In A Randomized Phase 2 Study - OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: OGXI) today announced positive survival results from a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial of OGX-011 in combination with docetaxel and prednisone ("the OGX-011 arm") compared to docetaxel and prednisone alone ("the control arm") for first-line treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. The current 10.... PREZISTA(R) (darunavir) Receives Expanded Marketing Authorisation In The European Union For Treatment-Experienced Adults With HIV-1 - Tibotec Pharmaceuticals announced today that the European Commission adopted the decision to broaden the indication for PREZISTAŽ (darunavir), a protease inhibitor, in combination with ritonavir and other antiretroviral medicinal products to the treatment of HIV-1 infection in all treatment-experienced adult patients. Darunavir was developed by Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, Cork, Ireland.... One Ml Of Alcohol Hand Rub Reduces MRSA By One Percent - Hospitals are ordering three times as much soap and alcohol hand rub than in 2004, according to the first results of an independent evaluation of the cleanyourhands campaign to boost hand-cleaning in hospital wards.... Roche Diagnostics And Southern Medical Diagnostics Announce Agreements On Diagnostic Applications Of Surfactant Protein-B - Roche Diagnostics and Australian Biotech company SMD, Southern Medical Diagnostics, today announced the signing of license agreements which provide Roche Diagnostics with semi-exclusive world-wide rights for diagnostic applications of Surfactant Protein-B in lung disorders and SMD with world-wide rig... Diversification Trajectories And Evolutionary Life-history Traits In Early Sharks And Batoids - The timing of the early diversification of modern sharks and batoids (Neoselachii) is crucial to understand their early evolutionary history. However, different concepts of this timing exist, which are related to discrepancies in taxonomic and phylogenetic interpretations. Statistic analyses performed in this study show that a burst in neoselachian diversity occurred very early ca.... Echolocating Bats Emit A Highly Directional Sonar Sound Beam In The Field - Bats use echolocation to navigate and find prey at night. The width of the echolocation sound beam determines how broad an angle bats perceive. Using multi-microphone recordings we determined for the first time beam width for a bat, Myotis daubentonii, flying in the wild. The bats emitted highly directional narrow sound beams in the wild, but significantly broader beams in the lab.... Symbiotic Bacteria Enable Insect To Utilise A Nutritionally-Inadequate Diet - Animals require a 'balanced' diet because, as a group, they lack key metabolic capabilities, including the capacity to synthesise essential amino acids and vitamins. Some animals have escaped this metabolic limitation by forming symbioses with microorganisms that have a wider metabolic repertoire.... Identifying Smokers Via Text Messaging Proves Effective For Cardiovascular Disease Battle - An innovative scheme using mobile technology to identify patients 'at risk' of developing CVD by effectively establishing smoking status has recently proved a great success for NHS Hammersmith and Fulham, London, England.... Important And Significant Progress In The Efforts To Discover The Origins Of Age-Related Hearing Loss - Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, accounts for 30 percent of all hearing loss. So, why do some people lose their hearing as they get older but other people can still hear a pin drop? The answer may be in a study released online in the journal Human Molecular Genetics. Advance access is available online at http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/papbyrecent.dtl.... New Class Of Lipids Suggests New Treatment Approach For Heart Attacks - Researchers have discovered one potential mechanism by which briefly cutting off, then restoring, blood flow to arteries prior to a heart attack lessens the damage caused, according to a study published in the journal Cardiovascular Research. The new mechanism points to how future drugs could provide protection ahead of heart attacks and strokes for those at highest risk.... Survival Rates In Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients May Be Improved By Preoperative Radiation - Patients treated with radiation prior to surgery for advanced rectal cancer have fewer instances of cancer recurrence and better overall survival rates, according to a recent Geisinger report. The report examined a treatment called neoadjuvant therapy, which can reduce cancerous tumor size or limit the spread of cancer, before surgery to remove the tumor.... Link Between Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers In Healthy Adults Identified By New Study - A study published in the November issue of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease provides an insight into normal, physiological levels and association between proteins involved in development of Alzheimer's disease.... Improved Understanding Of Human Heart Disease From Fruit Fly Research - Researchers at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research (Burnham) have shown in both fruit flies and humans that genes involved in embryonic heart development are also integral to adult heart function. The study, led by Rolf Bodmer, Ph.D., was published in Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences. Dr.... Blood Scanner That Detects Even Faint Indicators Of Cancer Developed By Stanford Researchers - A team led by Stanford researchers has developed a prototype blood scanner that can find cancer markers in the bloodstream in early stages of the disease, potentially allowing for earlier treatment and dramatically improved chances of survival.... Genetic Patterning In Fruit Fly Development Identified By Rutgers-Camden Scholar - No matter the species, from flies to humans, we all start the same: a single-cell fertilized egg that embarks on an incredible journey. The specifics of this journey are being uncovered at Rutgers University-Camden, where a biologist is researching how from one cell a jumble of many are able to organize and communicate, allowing life to spring forth.... Elsevier Announces The 2008 Supplement Of Reproductive Health Matters - Elsevier has announced the publication of Reproductive Health Matters 2008 Supplement on the theme of "Second trimester abortion: women's health and public policy". Second trimester abortion raises complex issues regarding methods, values, stigma, the burden on providers of service delivery and the sometimes complicated reality of women's lives and decisions.... Large Health Differences Between Population Groups In Norway - There are large health differences between groups of immigrants in Oslo. Compared with Norwegians, the differences are also great. The differences are seen for risk factors and actual diseases. This is shown in a new report from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Five of the largest immigrant groups were compared with each other and the ethnic Norwegian population.... Remote Controlled With A Magnetic Field, Aggregates Of Plastic Particles On A Microchip Function Like Stirrers And Pumps - Sometimes physicists resort to tried and trusted model-making tricks. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, the University of Stuttgart and the Colorado School of Mines have constructed micromachines using the same trick that model makers use to get ships into a bottle where the masts and rigging of the sailing ship are not erected until it is in the bottle.... Not Only The Receiving, But Also The Transmitting Terminal Of A Nerve Cell's Synapse Is Higly Adaptable - Where would we be without our ability to remember important information or, for that matter, to forget irrelevant details? Thanks to the flexibility of the nerve cell's communication units, called synapses, we are good at both.... Unstable Housing, Child Hunger And Poor Health Linked By Study - A new study shows that children whose families move frequently or live in overcrowded conditions are more likely to suffer from hunger and poor health than those in stable housing. The study was carried out by the Children's Sentinel Nutrition Assessment Program (C-SNAP) which has the largest clinical data base on poor children under age three in America.... Applying Systematic Review To The Field Of Nutrition - Performing systematic reviews of nutrition related topics raises unique challenges not often encountered in the field of medicine. In a new article, a team of researchers use specific examples to describe the steps, strengths, and limitations of systematic reviews relevant to nutrition and discuss the factors that impact the results.... Cryptic Preference For MHC-Dissimilar Females In Male Red Junglefowl, Gallus Gallus - The functional significance of partner choice remains puzzling. One hypothesis that is attracting increasing interest proposes that, because individuals that are more genetically diverse are often able to recognise and combat a wider range of pathogens, preference for genetically compatible partners should evolve to promote offspring genetic diversity.... Honest Sexual Signalling Mediated By Parasite And Testosterone Effects On Oxidative Balance - Oxidative stress is a physiological condition whereby essential biomolecules are damaged. There has been much interest in understanding the interrelationships of oxidative stress with disease, parasite infections and ageing.... Distance From Africa, Not Climate, Explains Within-population Phenotypic Diversity In Humans - The relative role of ancient demography and climate in shaping the human skull is still debated. Here we show that skull variability within individual populations declines with increasing distance from Africa.... Liquid Wood For Safer Toys - Most plastics are based on petroleum. A bio-plastic that consists of one hundred percent renewable raw materials helps to conserve this resource. Researchers have now optimized the plastic in such a way that it is even suitable for products such as Nativity figurines.... The AASM Will Actively Support IOM Recommendations That Both Enhance Patient Safety And Promote Quality Physician Training - The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) commends the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM) for its independent analysis of current duty-hour regulations for medical residents. The AASM will conduct a thorough review of the recommendations made in the IOM report, "Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety.... Particulate Emissions From Laser Printers - Do laser printers emit pathogenic toner particles into the air? Some people are convinced that they do. As a result, this topic is the subject of public controversy. Researchers have now investigated what particles the printers really do release into the air. We regularly hear reports that laser printers release pathogenic toner dust into the ambient air.... Prevention Of Fatigue-Related Errors Requires Revised Hours And Workloads For Medical Residents - A new report from the Institute of Medicine proposes revisions to medical residents' duty hours and workloads to decrease the chances of fatigue-related medical errors and to enhance the learning environment for these doctors in training.... Major Programme To Transform Patients' Experience Of Care Launched With New Research And Announcement Of Pilot Sites , UK - A major programme to transform patients' experience of care in hospital is launched today by The King's Fund. It kicks off with publication of a report assessing the scale and nature of the problems patients experience and looks at why staff don't always provide the sort of care they would want for themselves and their own families.... Study Explains How Hormones Interact With Waist-To-Hip Ratios In Women - Having an imperfect body may come with some substantial benefits for some women, according to a new article in the December issue of Current Anthropology. The hormones that make women physically stronger, more competitive and better able to deal with stress also tend to redistribute fat from the hips to the waist, according to Elizabeth Cashdan, an anthropologist at the University of Utah.... Use Of Rapid Response Team In Hospital Not Associated With Reduction In Cardiopulmonary Arrests Or Deaths - Although there is an effort to implement rapid response teams in hospitals throughout the country, new research suggests that they do not result in a reduced rate of cardiopulmonary arrests or deaths, according to a study in the December 3 issue of JAMA. Previous studies have found that patients often exhibit physiological deterioration hours before cardiopulmonary arrest.... Analysis Supports Use Of Surgery To Treat Medication-Resistant Epilepsy - Persons with temporal lobe epilepsy who do not respond to medication could receive a substantial gain in life expectancy and quality of life by undergoing surgery of the temporal lobe part of the brain, according to an analysis reported in the December 3 issue of JAMA.... Researchers Reveal What Makes The Heart 'Tick-Tock' - Researchers have new evidence to show that the heart beats to its own drummer, according to a report in the December issue of the journal Cell Metabolism, a Cell Press publication. They've uncovered some of the molecular circuitry within the cardiovascular system itself that controls the daily rise and fall of blood pressure and heart rate.... Consuming Up To Two Drinks Per Day Not Associated With Increased Risk Of Irregular Heart Beat For Women - Women who have up to two alcoholic drinks per day do not appear to be at increased risk of atrial fibrillation (irregular heart beat), but drinking more than that amount is associated with a higher risk, according to a study in the December 3 issue of JAMA.... Empathy And Eye For Detail Improved When Radiologists See Patient Photos - Including a patient's photo with imaging exam results may enable a more meticulous reading from the radiologist interpreting the images, as well as a more personal and empathetic approach, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).... 1-Stop Screening For Cancer And Osteoporosis - New research reveals that computed tomography (CT) colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, has the potential to screen for two diseases at once - colorectal cancer and osteoporosis, both of which commonly affect adults over age 50. Results of the study will be presented today at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).... Mendip Mental Health Ward Is Recognised For Highest Professional Standards, UK - A Mendip mental health facility which assesses elderly people with dementia has received a much coveted accreditation award for its standards of care and management.... Yeast Studies Offer Clues To Controlling Cholesterol Rise - Having discovered how a lowly, single-celled fungus regulates its version of cholesterol, Johns Hopkins researchers are gaining new insight about the target and action of cholesterol-lowering drugs taken daily by millions of people to stave off heart attacks and strokes. Their work appears in the December issue of Cell Metabolism.... HER2 Levels May Aid In Treatment Selection For Metastatic Breast Cancer - Findings published in the December 1, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research , a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, show lapatinib benefits women with HER2-positive breast cancer, while women with HER2-negative breast cancer or those who express EGRF alone derive no incremental benefit.... Cold Spring Harbor Protocols Features Tissue Culture Methods For Immune Cells And Neurons - The complexity of vital organ systems makes them difficult to study in living organisms. Tissue culture methods for specific cell types allow researchers to break these systems down into component parts that can be readily manipulated and observed.... New Report Recommends Strategies To Reduce Medical Resident Fatigue-Related Errors And Improve Training - Fatigued medical residents need protected sleep periods and increased supervision of work hour limits to improve patient safety and the training environment, according to a new Institute of Medicine report funded by HHS' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.... A Female Songbird Out-Sings Male Conspecifics During Simulated Territorial Intrusions - Birdsong is a model system for animal communication studies, but our knowledge is greatly biased towards male birds.... Oscillations In Continuous Culture Populations Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Population Dynamics And The Evolution Of Clonal Suicide - Agents that that kill the organisms that produce them or other, genetically identical members of their populations are intriguing puzzles for ecologists and other evolutionary biologists.... No Energetic Cost Of Anthropogenic Disturbance In A Songbird - As human populations continue to expand into wild habitat, associated human activities are of growing concern for wildlife survival. We placed tiny (0.5g) transmitters on small breeding migratory birds to continuously and instantaneously monitor heart rate and associated energy expenditure in response to experimental human disturbances.... Secreted Protein Sends Signal That Fat Is On The Way - After you eat a burger and fries or other fat-filled meal, a protein produced by the liver may send a signal that fat is on the way, suggests a report in the December issue of the journal Cell Metabolism, a Cell Press publication. Researchers have found in mice that the liver produces a protein called adropin, which rises in response to high-fat foods and falls after fasting.... Journal Of Neurosciencence News - 1. Norepinephrine Is Released from Sour Taste Cells Yijen A. Huang, Yutaka Maruyama, and Stephen D. Roper Gustatory coding and processing within taste buds is more complex than once believed, and much remains unknown.... Easing Social Anxiety During The Holidays: Tips From Harvard Women's Health Watch - For most people, family gatherings, parties, and other social activities are part of the fun of the holiday season. Not so for those with social anxiety disorder, who dread-or even avoid-social situations, reports the December 2008 issue of Harvard Women's Health Watch. It's perfectly normal to feel nervous about meeting new people or attending parties.... First Head-To-Head Study Comparing Dacogen(R) (decitabine For Injection) And Vidaza(R) (azacitidine) In Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes - Eisai Corporation of North America today announced that it plans to initiate the first clinical trial evaluating the activity of DacogenŽ (decitabine for injection) compared to VidazaŽ (azacitidine) in adult patients with intermediate-1, intermediate-2 or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (... Copyright © 2008, Go 2 Clickbank. All Rights Reserved. |